Resources

AEPD (Spain) – EXP202315853 against Ibercaja Banco

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Records Management Toolkit Tracker

Data Retention, Personal Data Collection, Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Records Management Toolkit Tracker – more information about the Toolkit by UK ICO

Data Retention, Personal Data Collection, Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Municipality of Nepi (6/20/2024)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Rețele Electrice Muntenia SA. (6/25/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Rețele Electrice Dobrogea SA (6/25/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-IRIDEX GROUP SALUBRIZARE SRL (5/9/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-MEDICOVER SRL (5/9/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-CENTRUL MEDICAL UNIREA SRL (5/8/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-INFORMÁTICA MÉDICA, S.L. (11/7/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-ALPHA BANK ROMANIA SA. (4/23/2024)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-NTT Data Italia S.P.A (2/8/2024)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-HISPAPOST, S.A. (2/1/2024)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-VESTA CEU ROMÂNIA SRL. (2/26/2024)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Company (12/22/2023)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-Garðabær municipality (12/6/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-City of Hafnarfjörður (12/6/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-City of Kópavogur (12/6/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Veranda Obor S.A. (12/11/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-Reykjanesbær municipality (12/6/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Principles

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-City of Reykjavik (12/6/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Principles

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (9/21/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Cez Vânzare S.A. (10/2/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Autostrade per l’Italia spa (6/22/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-ING Bank NV Amsterdam Sucursala București (7/18/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-La Risorsa Umana.it s.r.l. (3/23/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Sensitive Data

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Ama S.p.a. (4/27/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Artima S.A. (6/15/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Razmataz Live s.r.l.. (3/2/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Data Protection Commissioner of Malta-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Croatian Data Protection Authority (azop)-Debt collection agency (5/4/2023)

Consent, Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Data Protection Authority of Brandenburg-Bank (7/14/1905)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Data Protection Authority of Brandenburg-Aid organization (7/14/1905)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Tinmar Energy SA (3/14/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Centrul Medical dr. Furtună Dan (3/16/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Med Life S.A. (3/16/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Amiu S.p.A. (4/28/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Protection Officer (DPO), Principles, Representative

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Verizon Connect Italy S.p.A. (12/15/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Tecnomed Trento s.r.l. (4/7/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Sensitive Data

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Douglas Italia S.p.a. (10/20/2022)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Cypriot Data Protection Commissioner-PRINTAFORM Ltd. (7/14/1905)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Apă Canal Ilfov SA (1/4/2023)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-BRISTOL LOGISTICS SA (1/12/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Societatea Energetică Electrica S.A. (12/15/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Kaufland Romania SCS (12/27/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Data Protection Authority of Ireland-Slane Credit Union Ltd. (1/26/2022)

Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Integrity and confidentiality, Principles

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Medicover S.R.L. (11/24/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-AMPLIFON Hungary Trade and Service Provider LLC (8/11/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Ginosa municipality (7/21/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Acqua Novara.VCO S.p.a. (7/21/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. (10/31/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-EDYTE SA (9/6/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Sułkowice Cultural Center (9/7/2022)

Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Company (8/8/2022)

Accountability, Consent, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SOLIVESA MASTER FRANCHISE S.L. (8/28/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Realmedia Network SA (9/8/2022)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Alpha Bank Romania SA (8/29/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Slovak Data Protection Office-Unknown (7/13/1905)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ESVETEL, S.L. (7/22/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bar owner (7/19/2022)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Wine Point S.R.L. (6/15/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Interactions Marketing SRL (6/20/2022)

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Wens Experience SRL (6/8/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Data Protection Authority of Hessen-Restaurant (7/13/1905)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Kaufland Romania SCS (6/3/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-LORIS FUEL SHOP SRL (5/12/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Workshop (3/29/2022)

Legitimate Interest, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-MAYR MELNHOF PACKAGING ROMANIA S.R.L. (5/17/2022)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-ISWEB S.p.A. (4/7/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Lillestrøm Municipality (2/2/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Representative

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-DEDALUS BIOLOGIE (4/15/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Scanshare S.r.l. (2/10/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Fortum Marketing and Sales Polska S.A. (1/19/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Integrity and confidentiality, Principles, Privacy by Design

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-PIKA Sp. z o.o. (1/19/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Principles, Sensitive Data, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SEGURCAIXA ADESLAS, S.A. DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS (2/4/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-SLIMPAY (12/28/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA)-One Way Private Company (12/8/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Valoris Center S.R.L. (11/26/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Icelandic data protection authority (‘Persónuvernd’)-YAY ehf. (11/23/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Bulgarian Commission for Personal Data Protection (KZLD)-Bank (10/26/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Vodafone România SA (11/14/2021)

Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Ferde AS (9/27/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Integrity and confidentiality, Principles, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bar owner (9/28/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-aiComply S.r.l. (6/10/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Actamedica SRL (8/24/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Breaches, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Marbella Resorts S.L. (7/6/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Creator Energy S.L. (6/4/2021)

Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, SAU (5/25/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Lugera & Makler Broker S.R.L. (4/19/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Asker Municipality (3/15/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Tip Top Food Industry S.R.L (4/15/2021)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Roma Capitale (2/11/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Principles, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Norwegian Supervisory Authority (Datatilsynet)-Ålesund Municipality (3/15/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (3/11/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Data Transfers

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Certime S.A. (3/15/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Krajowa Szkoła Sądownictwa i Prokuratury (2/11/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Integrity and confidentiality, Principles, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-I-DE Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes, S.A.U (3/2/2021)

Performance of Contract, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vamavi Phone S.L. (2/11/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Data Transfers

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-ING Bank N.V. Amsterdam – Bucharest office (2/10/2021)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Sud Est (12/17/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Integrity and confidentiality, Principles

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Alterna Operador Integral S.L. (1/21/2021)

Performance of Contract

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Robinson Tours Ltd. (Robinson Tours Idegenforgalmi és Szolgáltató Kft.) (12/16/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data Breaches, Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Privacy by Design

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unknown (12/16/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale ‘Antonio Cardarelli’ (Private Hospital) (9/30/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Data Subjects Rights, Lawfulness of Processing, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Party of the Socialists of Catalonia (8/17/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bankia S.A. (8/28/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Merlini s.r.l. (7/13/2020)

Consent, Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA), Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Representative

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Digi Távközlési Szolgáltató Kft. (‘Digi’) (electronic communication service provider) (6/12/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Major of Aleksandrów Kujawski (10/18/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Data Protection Authority of Hamburg-Kolibri Image Regina und Dirk Maass GbR (12/17/2018)

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unnamed financial institution (3/4/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative, Right to Erasure

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-Mayor (5/28/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

Bulgarian Commission for Personal Data Protection (KZLD)-Bank (12/4/2018)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

Case C 203/22 on AI and automated decisions, the right of access under the GDPR, and the protection of trade secrets

AI, Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors, Specific processing situations

[Draft] Guidelines on the processing of personal data in regard to recruitment by the UK ICO

Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), Employment, Specific processing situations

Practical Guide on Controller to Processor Contracts by the Irish DPC

Controllers and Processors, Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

AUTOMATED DECISIONMAKING TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS (DRAFT) by CPPA

Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors

Automated Decision-Making Under the GDPR by the FPF

AI, Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors, Specific processing situations

CASE OF BIG BROTHER WATCH AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM

National Security, Specific processing situations

Joined Cases C-511/18, C-512/18 and C-520/18

Criminal Convictions and Offences, National Security, Principles, Specific processing situations

C-77/21

Principles, Purpose limitation

C-252/21

Lawfulness of Processing, Performance of Contract, Principles, Sensitive Data

Guidelines scraping by private organizations and individuals by the Dutch Data Protection Authority

Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors

Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy

Personal Data Collection

Records of Processing Activities under Article 30 GDPR | Irish DPC

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Data Sharing Code | UK ICO

Data Processing Agreement (DPA)

WORKING PARTY 29 POSITION PAPER on the derogations from the obligation to maintain records of processing activities pursuant to Article 30(5) GDPR

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Guidelines on Automated individual decision-making and Profiling for the purposes of Regulation 2016/679

Automated Decision-making

Records of processing activities template by the CNIL

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Guidelines 2/2019 on the processing of personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to data subjects

Performance of Contract

Telegram CEO’s Arrest Sparks Debate on Privacy vs. Regulation

Personal Data Collection, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Review of cybersecurity news in Ukraine, tendencies, and world events related to the First World Cyber War by U.S. Agency for International Development

National Security, Specific processing situations

Automated Decision-Making in Online Platforms: Protection Against Discrimination and Manipulation of Behavior

Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors

Bodil Lindqvist [2003] Case C-101/01, 6 November 2003

Automated Decision-making

Salvatore Manni Case C 398/15

Data Retention, Legitimate Interest, Storage limitation

ANAF Case C‑201/14, 1 October 2015

Automated Decision-making, Data Sharing, Data Transfers, Public Administrative Body

A Guide to UK GDPR Principles | UK ICO

Accountability, Accuracy, Data minimisation, Integrity and confidentiality, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Storage limitation, Transparency

A Guide to Lawful Basis | UK ICO

Consent, Lawfulness of Processing, Legal Obligation, Legitimate Interest, Performance of Contract, Public Interests, Vital Interests