Resources

Italy’s Data Protection Authority Fines Foodinho €5 Million for Data Violations

Administrative Fines, Employment, Lawfulness of Processing

Decision by German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) on case against Facebook for data scraping incident (german)

Civil Liability and Damages, Data scraping, Liability and Remedies

Decision 114/2024 by Belgian Data Protection Authority (in Dutch)

Consent, Employment

Records Management Toolkit Tracker

Data Retention, Personal Data Collection, Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Records Management Toolkit Tracker – more information about the Toolkit by UK ICO

Data Retention, Personal Data Collection, Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALTERNATIVA CORELLANA INDEPENDIENTE (6/26/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (7/18/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (4/15/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-BEST ELAN ONLINE SRL (8/6/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CONSULTORÍA PERITACIONES ALMERIENSES, S.L (4/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CLÍNICA PARÍS, S.L. (2024-03-021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TELEFÓNICA DE ESPAÑA, S.A.U. (2/23/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Austrian Data Protection Authority (dsb)-Website operator (1/4/2024)

Administratives Measures, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies, Right to Erasure

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-WATIUM S.L. (5/22/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-CORPORACIÓN DUAL GRUPO LC, S.L. (3/15/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DENTAL REY-GAR, S.L. (3/7/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (2/19/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-20 MINUTOS EDITORA, S.L. (3/25/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ATLAS ENTERTAINMENT, S.L. (1/11/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Municipality of Salento (1/24/2024)

Administratives Measures, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Company (12/30/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LEADDESK, S.L (11/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Sectorul 1 al Municipiului București (1/30/2024)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

French Data Protection Authority (CNIL)-Company (12/22/2023)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALBEN AIRPORT FACILITIES S.L. (10/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (11/16/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (8/30/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-UPMOBILE SOLUTIONS, S.L. (10/26/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Private individual (12/15/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Libra Internet Bank SA (11/20/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD)-Unknown (9/21/2023)

Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TRACTAMENT D’AIGUES TEIA, S.L. (11/13/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Homeowners Association (10/27/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (11/6/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-UAT Comuna Albeni (9/25/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ADENET SYSTEMS, S.L. (8/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-RING RING CLIN S.L. (8/11/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MULTIGAS ASESORES S.L. (8/28/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-QUALITY-PROVIDER S.A. (8/1/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Company (6/21/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Birou Gas, S.L. (7/12/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-TRC TRUCKS 2020, S.L. (6/27/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-PUNTO ROJO LIBROS, S.L. (6/29/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data State Inspectorate (DSI)-Unknown (7/14/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data State Inspectorate (DSI)-Unknown (7/14/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Unknown (6/14/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-LEADDESK, S.L (6/7/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (5/25/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-NORDETIA CLINICS IBERIA, S.L. (5/24/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-WILLOUGHBY COLLEGE, S.A (5/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Apollo Salon S.R.L. (6/6/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-SECURITAS DIREC ESPAÑA, S.A. (4/21/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-INMARAN ASESORES S.L. (3/24/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Suomen Asiakastieto Oy (2/17/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Douglas Italia S.p.a. (10/20/2022)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Polish National Personal Data Protection Office (UODO)-Unknown (Unknown)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ADENET SYSTEMS, S.L. (12/29/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-EDITORIAL RIBADEO S.L. (1/13/2023)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-ALPA 57 PRODUCCIONES, S.L. (11/25/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Das Sense Society SRL (11/9/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Homeowners Association Bld. Pipera 1-2E (11/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-AMPLIFON Hungary Trade and Service Provider LLC (8/11/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. (10/31/2022)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Materiale Constructii Online SRL (10/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Company (8/8/2022)

Accountability, Consent, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-E Software Concept SRL (7/7/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Private individual (7/19/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bar owner (7/19/2022)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Data Protection Authority of Hessen-Restaurant (7/13/1905)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Deputy Data Protection Ombudsman-Telemarketing company (4/29/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-RAMONA FILMS, S.L. (5/17/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante)-Alfa Shipyard s.r.l. (3/10/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Workshop (3/29/2022)

Legitimate Interest, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-MAYR MELNHOF PACKAGING ROMANIA S.R.L. (5/17/2022)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Megareduceri TV S.R.L. (5/3/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-FLORAQUEEN FLOWERING THE WORLD S.L. (4/18/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-DOOR2DOOR SPAIN, S.L. (4/19/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Property owners’ association (4/7/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MALAGATROM, S.L.U. (2/22/2022)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Data Protection Authority of Hamburg-Clearview AI Inc. (7/12/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SC Nobiotic Pharma SRL (12/13/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-FUENSANTA S.L. (11/23/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Bulgarian Commission for Personal Data Protection (KZLD)-Bank (10/26/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-MERCEDES GERENCIA, S.L. (10/25/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-AD735 DATA MEDIA ADVERTISING S.L. (11/12/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bar owner (9/28/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Data Protection Authority of Bavaria-Unknown (7/12/1905)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Owners Association of Iasi Municipality (5/19/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (5/26/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. Tip Top Food Industry S.R.L (4/15/2021)

Accountability, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Natural person holding the position of General Secretary for a political party in Bucharest (3/4/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Certime S.A. (3/15/2021)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-I-DE Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes, S.A.U (3/2/2021)

Performance of Contract, Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (2/1/2021)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-S.C. C&V Water Control S.A. (12/22/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Sensitive Data

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unknown (12/16/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation, Sensitive Data

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Anmavas 61, S.L. (11/18/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Globus Score SRL (10/20/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Party of the Socialists of Catalonia (8/17/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Bankia S.A. (8/28/2020)

Principles, Purpose limitation

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Iberia Lae SA Operadora Unipersonal (7/20/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (7/23/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Digi Távközlési Szolgáltató Kft. (‘Digi’) (electronic communication service provider) (6/12/2020)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Iberdrola Clientes (6/4/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-SOS Infertility Association (3/25/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Xfera Moviles S.A. (3/25/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Telefónica (3/18/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Spanish Data Protection Authority (aepd)-Vodafone España, S.A.U. (1/9/2020)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Globus Score SRL (12/16/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Modern Barber (11/26/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP)-Nicola Medical Team 17 SRL (12/2/2019)

Administratives Measures, Liability and Remedies

Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information (NAIH)-Unnamed financial institution (3/4/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Data Subjects Rights, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative, Right to Erasure

Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD)-Mayor (5/28/2019)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

Bulgarian Commission for Personal Data Protection (KZLD)-Bank (12/4/2018)

Controllers and Processors, Principles, Purpose limitation, Representative

C-340/21

Controllers and Processors, Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Reprimand issued by the UK ICO concerning infringements of Article 5(1)(a), Article 6(1)(a) and Article 7(1) UK GDPR

Consent, Cookies, Lawfulness of Processing, Liability and Remedies

Case C‑740/22

Definitions, Personal Data

Case C‑604/22

Joint Controllers, Personal Data

Opinion 37/2023 on the draft decision of the competent supervisory authority of Luxemburg regarding the approval of the requirements for accreditation of a certification body pursuant to Article 43.3 (GDPR) |EPDB

Certification

Opinion 38/2023 on the draft decision of the competent supervisory authority of Slovenian regarding the approval of the requirements for accreditation of a certification body pursuant to Article 43.3 (GDPR). |EPDB

Certification

Case ZWO 22/775, Overijssel District, Netherlands

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

GDPR: a culture of non-compliance? Numbers of evidence-based enforcement efforts by nyob

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

CASE STUDIES (2018 – 2023) by the Irish DPC

Access Requests (DSAR), Controllers and Processors, Data Breaches, Data Subjects Rights, Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

GUIDELINES CLOCKING AND ATTENDANCE CONTROL PROCESSING USING BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS BY THE AEPD

Employment, Principles, Sensitive Data, Specific processing situations

[PRESS RELEASE No 191/23] CJEU on the right to compensation for non-material damages based on the fear of possible misuse

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

[Draft] Guidelines on the processing of personal data in regard to recruitment by the UK ICO

Automated Decision-making, Controllers and Processors, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), Employment, Specific processing situations

[Draft] Guidelines on the processing of personal data in regard to employment by the UK ICO

Employment, Specific processing situations

Everything Recruiters Need to Know About GDPR by ZOHO

Employment, Specific processing situations

Press Release No 184-23 by the CJEU

Controllers and Processors, Joint Controllers, Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

Urgent Binding Decision 01/2023 requested by the Norwegian SA for the ordering of final measures regarding Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd (Art. 66(2) GDPR)

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

Opinion on processing of CCTV data in regard to employee performance analytics by the Bulgarian DPA

CCTV, Employment, Specific processing situations

Protection of workers’ personal data: General principles by ILO

Employment, Specific processing situations

Data protection and monitoring workers

Employment, Specific processing situations

Infographic DPC TikTok Fine

Fairness, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Supervisory Authorities

Decision of the Data Protection Commission made pursuant to Section 111 of the DPA, 2018 and Articles 60 and 65 of the GDPR

Fairness, Liability and Remedies, Principles, Supervisory Authorities

C-439/19

Criminal Convictions and Offences, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Public Interests

Joined Cases C-511/18, C-512/18 and C-520/18

Criminal Convictions and Offences, National Security, Principles, Specific processing situations

C-34/21

Employment, Specific processing situations

C-77/21

Principles, Purpose limitation

C-180/21

Criminal Convictions and Offences, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Public Interests

C-300/21

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

C-205/21

Consent, Criminal Convictions and Offences, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles

Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence (AI Liability Directive)

AI, Liability and Remedies, Specific processing situations, Supervisory Authorities

PRACTICE GUIDE SECURITY OF PERSONAL DATA Version 2024 by CNIL

Definitions, Personal Data

Data Protection Fining Guidelines by UK ICO

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

Opinion 1/2022 on the draft decision of the Luxembourg Supervisory Authority regarding the GDPR – CARPA certification criteria |EPDB

Certification

Opinion 25/2022 regarding the European Privacy Seal (EuroPriSe ) certification criteria for the certification of processing operations by processors |EPDB

Certification

Opinion 15/2023 on the draft decision of the Dutch Supervisory Authority regarding the Brand Compliance certification criteria |EPDB

Certification

Opinion 28/2022 on the Europrivacy criteria of certification regarding their approval by the Board as European Data Protection Seal pursuant to Article 42.5 (GDPR) |EPDB

Certification

How to deal with SARs as an employer by the UK ICO

Access Requests (DSAR), Employment

GenAI and data protection: how organisations and their employees can use it appropriately and lawfully

AI, Employment

Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy

Personal Data Collection

Guidance Note: Employer Vehicle Tracking | Irish DPC

Employment

Nowak (C-434/16, EU:C:2017:994)

Personal Data

Patrick Breyer v. Germany Case C-582/14, 12 May 2016

Consent, Personal Data

Records of Processing Activities under Article 30 GDPR | Irish DPC

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

What is Personal Data | UK ICO

Personal Data

WORKING PARTY 29 POSITION PAPER on the derogations from the obligation to maintain records of processing activities pursuant to Article 30(5) GDPR

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Decision of the Norwegian Data Protection Authority to adopt urgent and provisional measures against Meta (Facebook)

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities

Records of processing activities template by the CNIL

Records of processing Activities (ROPA)

Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation

Certification

Guidelines 4/2018 on the accreditation of certification bodies under Article 43 of the General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679)

Certification

Guidelines 04/2022 on the calculation of administrative fines under the GDPR

Liability and Remedies

Guidelines 07/2022 on certification as a tool for transfers

Certification

Telegram CEO’s Arrest Sparks Debate on Privacy vs. Regulation

Personal Data Collection, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES Case No. BC492959

Liability and Remedies

Building a Cybersecurity and Privacy Learning Program | NIST | Initial Public Draft

Data Breaches, Employment, Risk Management, Technical and Organisational Measures (TOMs)

Salvatore Manni Case C 398/15

Data Retention, Legitimate Interest, Storage limitation

Australian ACMA DoorDash Technologies Australia Pty Ltd

Consent, Liability and Remedies

A Guide to UK GDPR Principles | UK ICO

Accountability, Accuracy, Data minimisation, Integrity and confidentiality, Lawfulness of Processing, Principles, Purpose limitation, Storage limitation, Transparency

The Employment Practices Code | UK ICO

Data Subjects Rights, Employment

GDPR Fines Tracker

Liability and Remedies, Supervisory Authorities